ATE and DC/DC Converters

The Challenges of Testing New Generations of DC Converters

... How the growing popularity of distributed power architecture is impacting the ATE industry.

By Jim Pennington
Autotest Company, San Antonio, TX

The use of DC/DC converters in distributed power architecture (DPA's) makes new and unusual demands on converter designs. Test engineers and production managers face some interesting challenges as a result of this distribute power architecture approach.  The DPA concept, however, allows designers to more closely match the power supply to their particular power requirements.



An Engineer or Manager need only browse current electronic periodicals to see the trend toward using DC/DC Converters in Distributed Power Architectures. These new high performance devices are also providing cost effective alternatives in custom configured power systems. Marketing studies have shown that some industries use more DC/DC Converters then AC/DC power supplies. The development of higher performance converters using new tSMPS echnologies, and the more stringent regulatory controls on AC line disturbances are major factors in establishing this trend for system designers. As with any new trend in technology, the implementation does not come without hurdles. Both manufacturers and users will have to solve a new set of problems to capitalize on the price and performance benefits of the DC/DC Converter.

Manufacturing Considerations

For the experienced AC/DC power supply manufacturer, the new DC/DC concept presents these unique problems:

  • Demand for greater density in product designs.
  • New packaging concepts for PC mount power supplies.
  • Higher volume, lower cost manufacturing concepts.
  • Ultra performance isolated DC/DC SMPS concepts.
  • The requirement for miniaturization, low cost and high volume production make significant demands on manufacturing and product engineering. To many manufacturers, entering this market mandates the development of new facilities and production philosophies.

    Component and hybrid manufacturers experience a different set of problems. Although adapted to the cost, volume and size issues, they are not well equipped for the testing technology requirements of these miniaturized SMPS.

    Analyzing Power Needs

    The new DPA concept allows designers to more closely match the supply to their power requirements. But, the implementation requires a more detailed analysis of the power needs.

    The power requirements for each PCB in the system must be uniquely specified. In addition, both the engineering and manufacturing disciplines must be prepared for processing the greater quantity of power supplies needed to have each PCB individually powered.

    Testing Problems

    Since a major benefit of DC/DC is higher performance, this aspect must be verified. For this reason the test specifications of a DC/DC converter are typically more stringent. Examples of unconventional testing requirements for AC/DC power supplies are:

  • Ripple Rejection - The capability of the power supply to inhibit noise propagation from its input to its output.
  • Ripple Current - The noise placed on the input DC line by the SMPS.
  • Dynamic Line Regulation - The capability of the SMPS to regulate the output with step changes in input line.
  • Load Fault Power Dissipation - The capability of the SMPS to reduce its power demand in an overload.
  • The higher performance characteristics of DC/DC converters also make standard testing more critical and difficult. For example, the need exists for verifying tight static and dynamic load regulation and high-resolution measurements at lower power.

    The Output Dynamic Response (Regulation) is one example of how a typical test requirement for AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies differs. For an AC/DC power supply, it is only necessary to determine its response to a fast load change. For DC/DC power supplies the requirement also includes assessing the response to a fast line voltage change (Dynamic Line Regulations).

    Figure 1The DC/DC power supply performance characteristic provides a much faster recovery response (See Figure 1).

    Because of this faster response, better measurement capability in the testing instrumentation is required. Because the device specifications include the same response characteristics to an input line step, the testing scenario also requires instrumentation for producing this step.

    ATE Requirements

    To meet the need for high volume and low cost, the use of ATE is essential. When selecting an ATE for this application, the critical areas to consider are:

  • Does the ATE provide high-performance dynamic DC sources with synchronous instrumentation for output response evaluation?
  • Does the ATE provide high-resolution dynamic loads with synchronous instrumentation for output response evaluation?
  • Are high-resolution circuits available for monitoring small signals and DC levels of input and output current?
  • Can the ATE interface technology be adapted to any DUT interface for high-volume SMPS fixtures?
  • Is the ATE software platform versatile and fast to allow easy adaptation and support for a variety of high volume/high performance testing?
  • Is the ATE manufacturer experienced in providing development support for reducing to-production time and enhancing ROI?
  • An ATE technology that simply emulates a manual test station is no longer adequate. The ATE must meet the challenges of achieving an applications specific design on a versatile platform.

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    10.18.2007